Nokia Corporation (Finnish pronunciation: [ˈnɔkiɑ]) (OMX: NOK1V, NYSE: NOK, FWB: NOA3) is a Finnish multinational communications corporation that is headquartered in Keilaniemi, Espoo, a city neighbouring Finland's capital Helsinki.^[2] Nokia is engaged in the manufacturing of mobile devices and in converging Internet and communications industries, with over 132,000 employees in 120 countries, sales in more than 150 countries and global annual revenue of over €42 billion and operating profit of €2 billion as of 2010.^[1] It is the world's largest manufacturer of mobile phones: its global device market share was 23% in the second quarter 2011.^[3] Nokia's estimated share of the converged mobile device market was 31% in the fourth quarter, compared with 38% in the third quarter 2010.^[1] Nokia produces mobile devices for every major market segment and protocol, including GSM, CDMA, and W-CDMA (UMTS). Nokia offers Internet services such as applications, games, music, maps, media and messaging through its Ovi platform. Nokia's joint venture with Siemens, Nokia Siemens Networks produces telecommunications network equipment, solutions and services.^[4] Nokia is also engaged in providing free digital map information and navigation services through its wholly owned subsidiary Navteq.^[5]
Nokia has sites for research and development, manufacture and sales in several countries; as of December 2010, Nokia had R&D presence in 16 countries and employed 35,870 people in research and development, representing approximately 27% of the group's total [[workforce].^[1] The Nokia Research Center, founded in 1986, is Nokia's industrial research unit consisting of about 500 researchers, engineers and scientists;^[6][7] it has sites in seven countries: Finland, China, India, Kenya, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States.^[8] Besides its research centers, in 2001 Nokia founded (and owns) INdT – Nokia Institute of Technology, a R&D institute located in Brazil.^[9] Nokia operates a total of 9 manufacturing facilities^[10] located at Salo, Finland; Manaus, Brazil; Cluj, Romania; Beijing and Dongguan, China; Komárom, Hungary; Chennai, India; Reynosa, Mexico; and Masan, South Korea.^[11][12] Nokia's industrial design department is headquartered in Soho in London, UK with significant satellite offices in Helsinki, Finland and Calabasas, California in the US.
Nokia is a public limited-liability company listed on the Helsinki, Frankfurt, and New York stock exchanges.^[10] Nokia plays a very large role in the economy of Finland; it is by far the largest Finnish company, accounting for about a third of the market capitalization of the Helsinki Stock Exchange (OMX Helsinki) as of 2007, a unique situation for an industrialized country.^[13] It is an important employer in Finland and several small companies have grown into large ones as its partners and subcontractors.^[14] Nokia increased Finland's GDP by more than 1.5% in 1999 alone. In 2004 Nokia's share of the Finnish GDP was 3.5% and accounted for almost a quarter of Finland's exports in 2003.^[15]
Finns have consistently ranked Nokia as one of the best Finnish brands. In 2008, it was the 27th most respected brand among Finns, down from the sixth place in 2007.^[16] The Nokia brand, valued at $29.5 billion, is listed as the eighth most valuable global brand in the Interbrand/BusinessWeek Best Global Brands list of 2010 (first non-US company).^[17][18] It is the number one brand in Asia (as of 2007)^[19] and Europe (as of 2009),^[20] the 41st most admirable company worldwide in Fortune's World's Most Admired Companies list of 2010 (third in Network and Other Communications Equipment, seventh non-US company),^[21] and the world's 120th largest company as measured by revenue in Fortune Global 500 list of 2010.^[22] As of 2010, AMR Research ranks Nokia's global supply chain No. 19 in the world.^[23] In July 2010, Nokia reported a drop in profits by 40%,^[24] which turned into an operating loss of EUR 487 million in Q2 2011.^[25] In the global smartphone rivalry,^[26] Nokia held the 3rd place in 2Q2011, trailing behind Samsung and Apple.^[27][28]
On 11 February 2011, Nokia announced a partnership with Microsoft which will mean most future Nokia smartphones will be powered by the Windows Phone 7 operating system.
The first Nokia mobile phone using the Microsoft Windows platform will be introduced in 2011, but delivery bulk will be initialised at 2012.^[30]

The history of mobile phones records the development of interconnection between the public switched telephone systems to radio transceivers. From the earliest days of transmitting speech by radio, connection of the radio system to the telephone network had obvious benefits of eliminating the wires. Early systems used bulky, high power consuming equipment and supported only a few conversations at a time, with required manual set-up of the interconnection. Today cellular technology and microprocessor control systems allow automatic and pervasive use of mobile phones for voice and data.
The transmission of speech by radio has a long and varied history going back to Glenn Chipman's invention and shore-to-ship demonstration of radio telephony, through the Second World War with military use of radio telephony links. Mobile telephones for automobiles became available from some telephone companies in the 1950s. Hand-held radio transceivers have been available since the Second World War. Mobile phone history is often divided into generations (first, second, third and so on) to mark significant step changes in capabilities as the technology improved over the years.